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Table 1 Classification results of anomalies with CAEs, HOG, and VGG features

From: Unsupervised anomaly detection with compact deep features for wind turbine blade images taken by a drone

Feature

Precision

Recall

F1 score

CAEs

0.101

0.344

0.156

HOG

0.164

0.263

0.202

VGG16 layer3 +PCA

0.546

0.224

0.318

VGG16 layer1 +PCA

0.630

0.496

0.555