Fig. 3

Example of MeshLBP feature distribution by mapping the binary patterns to different color map. For illustration, we display the binary pattern of ring (r = 2). Red color indicates areas of small binary pattern (0) due to small variation in the curvature of the local regions. Blue represents patterns with values (1–16), green denotes patterns with values (32–256), and cyan represents patterns with values (512–4096), due to large variation in the curvature of the local regions. For instance, sharp curvature variation can be observed around the local regions of the orbital, nasal bone, and mandible, while the parietal bone exhibits mild variation in curvature